Virginia Tech: Invent the Future Industrial and Systems Engineering
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OPERATIONS RESEARCH Ph.D.

Operations Research (OR) is a branch of industrial and systems engineering that deals with a scientific approach to solving problems faced by decision makers. Broadly defined, this field deals with the efficient design and operation of systems, usually seeking to determine an optimal or effective utilization and allocation of scarce resources. The tools of OR lie in the mathematical modeling and analysis of physical or economic systems, and its scope of application arises in varied walks of life, in the areas of business, industry, government, and national defense. As stiffer competition and lower resilience to business shock make companies and industries walk a tight line that separates success from failure, the emphasis of this field on both long-term (strategic) and short-term (tactical) efficiency and cost effectiveness are increasingly promoting its use in widely diverse areas.
The graduate course work and research orientation within the OR option is designed to educate the student in the process of constructing suitable analytical models for problems arising in various applications, using or developing appropriate (computerized) solution techniques for analyzing these models, and translating the results to implementation in practice. Toward this end, a series of courses have been designed that first provide a student with a knowledge of the tools of OR, followed by courses dealing with different areas of application in which such tools are utilized. The methodological courses cover optimization, stochastic systems modeling and analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation methodology. The application-oriented courses include a study of queueing networks, inventory systems, supply-chain systems, logistics, forecasting, quality assurance and reliability engineering, facilities design, sequencing and scheduling, and production planning and control. The OR faculty also operate and maintain the Simulation and Optimization Laboratory to support computational needs in all areas of operations research.
Each student pursuing the option in operations research should have completed a two-year sequence of courses in calculus and linear algebra equivalent to that required in undergraduate engineering programs. In addition, the student's prerequisites should include an entry-level course in basic probability theory (covering sample and event spaces, random variables, single and multivariate mass, density and distribution functions, independent and dependent random variables and expectation), and a course in statistical estimation and hypothesis testing methods (covering the fundamentals of point and interval estimation, hypothesis testing concerning one and two parameters, and goodness-of-fit tests). A working knowledge of a general purpose programming language is also required.

Operations Research Ph.D. Curriculum

At the Ph.D. level, the student must complete a minimum of 90 credit hours of coursework and research. This includes the 30 credit hours indicated below (the same as the M.S. program plus the Real Analysis Course), and an additional 30 credit hours of dissertation research. In selecting the 30 credit hours of elective coursework, the student is expected to design a coherent and meaningful program of study that reflects a chosen educational focus, and meets the standards of training at the doctoral level as approved by the student’s committee. (A list of recommended courses is provided below for the student's consideration). Overall, the program of study must include a minimum of 9 credit hours of ISE courses at the 6000 level and a minor of 9-15 credit hours of courses taken outside the ISE department to complement the major thrust of the student's concentration within the O.R. option.

Core Courses

Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs.
ISE 5405Optimization I 3
ISE 5406Optimization II3
ISE 5414Random Processes3
ISE 5424Simulation 3
Math 4226 or Math 5226Real Analysis3
STAT 5104Probability & distribution theory3
STAT 5114Statistical inference3


Advanced Level Courses

Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs.
ISE 6404Graph Theory and Network Flows3
ISE 6414Integer Programming3
ISE 6424Dynamic Programming3
ISE 6434Scheduling and Sequence Theory3
ISE 6444Inventory and Operations Management3
ISE 6454Adv Topics in Supply Chain & Operations Mgmt3
ISE 6464Queueing Networks3
ISE 6474Reliability Theory3
ISE 6494Advanced Simulation3
ISE 6504Markov Renewal and Related Processes3
ISE 6514Advanced Topics in Math Programming3

Operations Research Application Courses

Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs.
ISE 5204Manufacturing Systems Engineering3
ISE 5424Simulation3
ISE 5434Economic Evaluation of Industrial Projects3
ISE 5464Queueing Theory3
ISE 5484 Modeling Processes in Operations Research3
ISE 6524 Advanced Topics in Engineering Economy3
ISE 5234Manufacturing Costs and Production Economics3
ISE 5244Facilities Planning and Material Handling3
ISE 5454Production Planning and Control3
ISE 5474Statistical Theory of Quality Control3

Recommended Fall Courses Outside the ISE Department


Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs.
CS/Math 5485Numerical Analysis and Software I 3
Math 5454Graph Theory 3
Math 5524Matrix Theory3
Math 5545Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control Theory I3
Stat 5504Multivariate Statistical Methods3
Stat 5514Regression Analysis3
Stat 5554Variance Components3
Stat 5574Response Surface Design and Analysis I3
Stat 6504 Experimental Design II3

Recommended Spring Courses Outside the ISE Department


Course No. Course Title Credit Hrs.
CS 5114Theory of Algorithms3
CS/Math 5486Numerical Analysis and Software II3
MATH 4226Elementary Real Analysis II3
MATH 5226Real Analysis II3
MATH 5464Combinatorics3
MATH 5546Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control Theory II3
BIT 5414Operations Management Problems and Techniques3
BIT 5434Computer Simulation in Business3
BIT 6404Corporate Simulation Methods3
STAT 5124Linear Models Theory3
STAT 5204Experimental Design & Analysis I3
STAT 5424Statistical Decision Theory3
STAT 5434Markov Chains & Renewal Theory3
STAT 6106Measure and Probability3
STAT 6424Multivariate Statistical Analysis3
STAT 6574Response Surface Design and Analysis II3